Calcium being an auxiliary drier, has little drying action in itself but is very useful in combination with active driers. In vehicles that show poor tolerance for lead, calcium can replace part of the lead with a larger amount of calcium to prevent the precipitation of the ... 

Cobalt is an extremely active & most widely used drier in coatings & capable of being used even as a single Drier.It is primarily an oxidation catalyst & acts as a " Surface Drier ". It may have a tendency to cause surface wrinkling,hence to provide uni... 

Lead is a through drier & is always used with cobalt &/or manganese. Lead drier improves the drying time of double boiled linseed oil & yields very pale & clear boiled oil. Lead in combination with cobalt & calcium are suggested, particularly for long oil... 

Manganese driers are intermediate in activity & they have both oxidizing & polymerizing properties. When manganese used alone it may produce too hard & too brittle films. When used in combination with Lead, hard tough & durable films are produced. One disadva... 

Zinc being an auxiliary drier, used in conjunction with redox metals. The primary function of zinc is to keep the film "Open" by retarding Surface dry, thus permitting hardening through out & preventing surface wrinkling, particularly in Cobalt containing films...